Hadinugroho, Wuryanto, Winarko, Stephanie Florencia, Sinta, Echa Imanuela, Esar, Senny Yesery and Prasetyo, Jefri (2026) Wet heat energy for reaction of 2‐hydroxy‐1,2,3‐propanetricarboxylic acid with caruba and applications for pharmaceutical dosage forms. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research, 17 (2). pp. 148-154. ISSN 0976-2094
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Abstract
The reaction of 2‑hydroxy‑1,2,3‑propanetricarboxylic acid (2HT) with caruba (Cb) produces poly‑2‑hydroxy‑1,2,3‑propanetricarboxylic acid caruba (P‑2HTCb). The study aims to determine the effect of temperature and heating time in the P‑2HTCb synthesis reaction and to obtain the optimum conditions for P‑2HTCb synthesis. Experiments with 2HT (4.76 × 10−2 M), Cb (4.51 × 10−5 M), and hydrochloric acid (0.12 M) were carried out in a two factorial design. Temperature and heating time were the optimization factors (40○C–60○C) and heating time (30–45 min). P-2HTCb was characterized by universal attenuated total reflectance, proton magnetic resonance (PMR), differential scanning calorimetry, X‑ray diffraction, and scanning electron microscope. All P‑2HTCb contained C = O ester at approximately 1736 cm−1, swelling index (SI) 20.52%–24.82%, pH 3.64–4.88, yield 33.10% 39.30%, and esterification effectiveness (Ee) 10.83%–12.85%. The optimum PMR doublet peak of P‑2HTCb was at δ = 2.878–2.652 ppm, melting temperature 146○C, diffractogram peak at 19.3800○, and a coral‑like wavy surface. Increasing melting temperature, increased SI, increased pH, reduced yield, and reduced Ee. Heating time increased SI, decreased pH, reduced yield, and reduced Ee. The combination of both decreased the SI, pH, yield, and Ee. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of P-2HTCb were 55○C for 40 min. P‑2HTCb accelerated the flow of microcrystalline cellulose and provided tablet friability of ≤1%.
| Item Type: | Article |
|---|---|
| Subjects: | Pharmacy |
| Divisions: | Journal Publication |
| Depositing User: | Jefri Prasetyo |
| Date Deposited: | 13 Aug 2026 06:10 |
| Last Modified: | 13 Aug 2026 06:10 |
| URI: | https://repositori.ukwms.ac.id/id/eprint/47691 |
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